Anglo American (2003) Socio-Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT)

SEAT was launched in 2003, providing a structured way to work engage with local communities to address concerns and improve local development impacts. The SEAT process has been used at more than 55 AA operations in 16 countries, and has led to support for a range of initiatives including education, training and local enterprise development. It has also improved management of social issues such as housing, transport, HIV/AIDS and recruitment.

Available at: http://www.angloamerican.co.uk/cr/socialresponsibilty/seat/

In 2007, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) published a report detailing findings of its independent third-party evaluation of SEAT. Main findings: (1) SEAT provides effective guidance for managing sustainable development in the mining industry; (2) Management responses align with sustainable development priorities; too early to properly gauge long-term benefits; (3) Implementation has positively impacted community perception.

Access the BSR evaluation at http://www.bsr.org/reports/SEAT_Public_Evaluation.pdf Read the case study on Anglo America's SEAT at http://www.wbcsd.org/includes/getTarget.asp?type=DocDet&id=MjEzMDQ

Report of a workshop hosted by the Environmental Council of Zambia and the Ministry of Finance and National Planning, facilitated by IIED. Participants included a dozen highly experienced Zambian professionals working in environment and development in government, business, civil society and academia. The authors offer a positive, lessons-learned approach, identifying what has worked in key sectors and through institutional innovations. They conclude that Zambia could produce higher levels of income and welfare if its environmental assets are planned, allocated, managed and governed better. Their recommendations herald a new era of integrated environment-development planning that is not just ‘pushed’ by environment interests, but is now also ‘demand-pulled’ by development and finance authorities.

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Assey P., Bass S., Cheche B., Howlett D., Jamiya G., Kikula I., Liwelile S., Manyama A., Mugurusi E., Muheto R. and Rutasitara L. (2007) Environment at the Heart of Tanzania’s Development: Lessons from Tanzania’s National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA), International Institute for Environment and Development, London

(available at; http://www.iied.org/pubs/search.php?w=&k=&t=&a=Assey&s=&g=&b=Submit)

(see: www.eldis.org/go/display/?id=31286&type=Document)

The paper discusses the ‘implementation gap’, which requires the environmental mainstreaming intentions of the MKUKUTA to be routinely reflected in budgeting, investment and governance reforms. This gap is looked at from a perspective of further work needing to be done that can be based on existing foundations which include:

• the environmental investment gap, reflecting the need to identify priorities amongst the MKUKATA’s many targets, to make up for severe under-investment in environmental assets for pro-poor growth and livelihoods;
• the environmental capacity gap, reflecting the need for information/monitoring systems and institutional development to enable environmental authorities and management bodies to meet new responsibilities for securing environmental services in support of development;
• a power shift towards localisation and environment-dependent stakeholders, reflecting the need for environmental governance reform that will enable poor people to have clearer environmental rights and responsibilities, access to resources and effective relationships, as well as tackling associated social exclusions.

Bass S. et al. (2010) Integrating Environment and Development in Vietnam. Environmental Governance Series No.2, IIED

Development and environmental management have, for too long, been treated as separate objectives in Viet Nam – as in most countries. Viet Nam’s extraordinarily rapid development has brought immediate and major benefits. But it has also led to poor people suffering pollution, climate change and soil infertility. It is time for development and environment to be considered together. This paper reviews what has worked well in integrating environment and development objectives in Viet Nam, as well as what currently constrains integration. It assesses future needs, given rapidly changing demographic, economic and environmental situations. Its recommendations offer a sure footing for ‘preparing for green growth’ in a future middle-income Viet Nam.

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Blackburn W.R. (2007)  The Sustainability Handbook: The Complete Management Guide to Achieving Social, Economic and Environmental Responsibility. Earthscan Publications, London

This handbook sets out the challenges, complexities and benefits of sustainability for businesses as well as governments and other organisations. A blueprint is provided for how organisations can reach or exceed economic, social and environmental excellence. The book includes a host of practical approaches and tools including a model sustainability policy for organisations, summaries of sustainability codes and tips on selecting them, an extensive collection of metrics and a wealth of supplementary reference material.

Available from Earthscan Publications: www.earthscan.co.uk

Dalal-Clayton D.B and Bass S. (2009) The Challenges of Environmental Mainstreaming: Experience of Integrating Environment into Development Institutions and Decisions. International Institute for Environment and Development, London

During 2007-08, IIED and its partners conducted a series of country surveys involving dialogues with key decision-makers and development and environmental practitioners to gather perspectives on the challenges of environmental mainstreaming (EM) and the approaches and tools that work. The countries involved included: Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ghana, India, Kenya, Philippines, South Africa, Uganda and several Caribbean countries.

Participants were particularly exercised on issues of context – the mainstream drivers of change, the constraints to influencing them to address environmental issues, and the associated political and institutional challenges. These were highlighted as the major issues in the struggle to link the endeavours of development and environmental management. A heavy current focus on tools was seen as part of the problem – technical safeguards and conditionalities ‘pushed’ by environment interests on development interests, rather than strategies to link mutual interests.

This Issues Paper is based on a synthesis of the reports from the country surveys, the lessons from EM learning groups organized by IIED in Tanzania, Zambia and Vietnam, and a review of international experience and work undertaken by a number of bilateral development cooperation agencies and UN organisations.

Click here to access the report.

Dale V.H. and English M.R. (eds) (1999) Tools for Environmental Decision Making, Springer Verlag, New York

DBSA. (2009) What Works for Us: A South African Country Report on Tactics, Tools and Methods for Integrating Environment and Development, Development Bank for Southern Africa, Halfway House, South Africa

This country case study attempts to capture perspectives on environmental mainstreaming of over 100 South African change agents and development practitioners. It includes a background on EM goals, the country context, actors, favoured and abused tools and approaches. Then it discusses a range of voluntary, informal, indigenous and experimental approaches. A number of case studies are followed by lessons learned.

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Emery, Alan (2000) Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in Project Planning and Implementation. A partnership publication of the International Labour Organisation, World Bank, Canadian International Development Agency and Kivu Nature Inc.

This handbook aims to assist governments, industry, NGOs and indigenous groups to work better with each other when traditional knowledge is central to the development objective. The guidelines are meant as a template from which various stakeholders can develop their own collaborative partnerships.

Available as a pdf download file at:
http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/acdicida.nsf/En/8525711600526F0A852571190061B429?OpenDocument

European Council (2009): Council Conclusions on Integrating Environment in Development Cooperation. 25 June 2009. The Council of the European Union.

The conclusions set out the EU approach for supporting environment integration in developing countries, priorities for implementation, needs for coordination and policy coherence and mobilising resources, and approach to follow-up. An annex lists recommended actions for improving environmental integration

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Kok M.T.J and de Connick H.C. (2007) Widening the Scope of Policies to Address Climate Change: Directions for Mainstreaming. Environmental Science & Policy, 10, 7-8, pp 587-599

(see: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VP6-4PS5KDB-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=2&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236198%232007%23999899992%23672867%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6198&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=84927a41f9e85922a9a5f0ffe6595ea6

Both mitigation of and adaptation to climate change require actions to be taken in many sectors of society, but so far this is hardly happening. This paper suggests possibilities for widening climate change policy by strengthening inter-linkages between climate policies and various relevant policy areas to mainstream climate change concerns. It argues that, if these inter-linkages can be strengthened and policy coherence is improved, the effectiveness of climate policy can be enhanced while also supporting these other policy areas. The contention in this paper is that improved policy coherence and mainstreaming requires climate policies to go beyond the UNFCCC framework to realise its full potential and to better deal with possible trade-offs. The potential benefits in the policy domains of poverty reduction, rural development and agriculture, disaster management, energy security, air quality and trade, and finance are examined, and the institutional and organisations linkages highlighted. Finally, opportunities for mainstreaming are identified to make better use of possible synergies between climate and related policy areas

Krassowska K. (2009) Environmental Mainstreaming in Kenya: Status and Strategies for Stability and Development (June 2009). Royal Danish Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya

This study recommends a tactical approach, and practical options, for mainstreaming environment and natural resource issues into the development planning process, with a view to effective implementation through sector policy and regional budgets.

A wide range of recommendations on inspiring the Government of Kenya, engaging academics, using new media, and harnessing the private sector and local government, are proposed in a “Practical Guide”.

Click HERE to access report

Meta Meta Management and Overseas Development Institute (2006) Ideas and Experiences in Mainstreaming Environment and Water. Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Development Cooperation, The Hague

OECD DAC/EPOC (2009) Policy Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Cooperation. Pre-Publication Version (April 2009), Development Assistance Committee and Environmental Policy Committee, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris

This Policy Guidance is intended to provide policy-makers and practitioners in development co-operation agencies with information and advice on how to mainstream climate change into development. It comprises three parts: understanding the challenge, integrating climate change adaptation at national, sectoral and project levels; and integrating climate change adaptation at the local level

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Available at: http://stapgef.unep.org/activities/technicalworkshops/index_html)

Even though this paper specifically address the issue of mainstreaming biodiversity conservation, the principles, approaches, methods and tools can also be useful for other environmental issues

Soussan J. (2007) Making Mainstreaming Work: An Analytical Framework, Guidelines and Checklist for the Mainstreaming of Marine and Coastal Issues into National Planning and Budgetary Processes.. 30 pages. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm

This report was prepared for the Coordination Office of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) of the United Nations Environment Programme. It presents an analytical framework for addressing the management of marine resources and coastal areas, where both the most intense development pressures and some of the most acute pockets of poverty are often found. The framework emphasizes the need to work through national systems based on national ownership and control of the process. Annexes provide guidelines (both for countries with an existing National Programme of Action and new countries) and a process checklist through which the framework can be operationalised.

Click HERE to access document.

Seymour F., Maurer C. and Quiroga R. (2005) Environmental Mainstreaming: Applications in the Context of Modernization of the State, Social Development, Competitiveness, and Regional Integration.  Sustainable Development Department, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D.C.

The Inter-American Development Bank’s current work and mission is guided by the objectives stated in the Bank’s Institutional Strategy, which has two overarching objectives: reducing poverty and inequity, and fostering sustainable economic growth. To achieve these objectives, the Bank has articulated operational strategies to address four identified pillars for development in the region: modernization of the State, social development, competitiveness, and regional integration. In addition, the Bank has defined an environment strategy which seeks to mainstream environment across the four priority pillars. The provides a conceptual framework and practical orientation to mainstream environmental sustainability into those four pillars.

UNDP (2008) Generic Guidelines for Mainstreaming Drylands Issues into National Development Frameworks. First edition, United Nations Development Programme, Nairobi, October 2008

Available at: http://www.undp.org/drylands/docs/publications/Guidelines_Lessons_Learned_for_Mainstreaming_Drylands.pdf

These guidelines have been developed by UNDP’s Drylands Development Center, in close collaboration with the Global Mechanism (GM) of UNCCD, UNEP and the UNDP/GEF Global Support Unit. They draw from experiences in mainstreaming from a range of national case studies.

UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Facility (2007) Guidance Note on Environmental Mainstreaming into National Development Planning

This booklet offers guidance for country officials and development practitioners for mainstreaming nvironment. It is part of the Facility’s knowledge management programme that supports the UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative (PEI). The guidance is designed for PEI country-level environmental mainstreaming programmes and for the effective integration of environment into the MDG Support Initiative. The document aims to:

• Share experience with governments and development partners, as well as the wider stakeholder community, on what is involved in launching and sustaining a country-level environmental mainstreaming programme;
• Highlight some general success factors and challenges based on current experience; and
• Explain the common steps in the process and outline the tasks typically involved and what tools might be applied.

Available at: http://www.unpei.org/Meetings-Events/guidance-mainstreaming.asp

UNEP (2007 )  Dams and Development: Relevant Practices for Improved Decision Makin: A Compendium of Relevant Practices for Improved Decision Making on Dams and their Alternatives. United Nations Environment Programme
(see: http://www.unep.org/dams/files/Compendium/Compendium.pdf

UNEP (2009) Integrated Policymaking for Sustainable Development: A Reference Manual, United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva (August)

This manual is designed to enable policy and decision makers, policy analysts, and other actors involved in policy-making processes to appreciate the full value of Integrated Policymaking (IP) in its environmental, social and economic dimensions. It draws on decades of experience acquired by UNEP and other organisations in sustainability-motivated policy assessment and interprets these in the light of recent advances in public policy science. The manual makes the case for IP to be considered as a normative policy-making approach, for solutions to be placed within a policy cycle, and for policy development to be aligned with prevailing political, institutional and analytical realities. It is accompanied by a separate manual on Integrated Assessment (see below). Chapters address: the conceptual framework, agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, evaluation, with a closing set of conclusions.

Click HERE to access the manual

UNEP (2009) Integrated Assessment: Mainstreaming Sustainability into Policymaking: A Guidance Manual, United Nations Environment ProgrammeT, Geneva (August)

This manual has three stated aims: (a) to document and share knowledge based on experiences, focused on practices to stimulate an integrated and proactive assessment approach; (b) to enable the branching out of Integrated Assessment (IA) in order to stimulate and support wider application and address specific concerns such as climate change and biodiversity; and (c) to support Integrated Policymaking for Sustainable Development, with a view to embedding sustainability within policy-making processes. It accompanies a separate manual on Integrated Policymaking (see above). Sections discuss the building blocks of IA (covering IA process, policy institutional context, and IA contents) with a series of annexes providing detailed guidelines on selected tools.

Click HERE to access the manual

UNPEI (2008) Making the Economic Case: A Primer on the Economic Arguments for Mainstreaming Poverty-Environment Linkages into National Development Planning. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, Nairobi

Available at: http://www.unpei.org/News/indexhomenews.asp

This primer:

• provides guidance on how to frame the economic argument for environmental mainstreaming;

• presents examples of the ways in which the environment contributes to pro-poor growth and gives guidance about the kinds of data that can be presented as evidence;

• summarises the data requirements for making the economic case for environmental investment;

• provides advice on accessing information about the economy and environment; and

• outlines strategies for packaging and communicating evidence in a form that is credible and convincing

UNPEI (2009) Mainstreaming Poverty-Environment Linkages into Development Planning: A Handbook for Practitioners, UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, Nairobi

This handbook provides practical, step-by-step guidance on how governments and other national actors can mainstream poverty-environment linkages into national development planning. It comprises three main components: finding the entry points and making the case; mainstreaming poverty-environment linkages into policy processes; and meeting the implementation challenge

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